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    中国恐龙化石资源的分布特征及研究现状

    Distribution and research status of dinosaur fossil in China

    • 摘要: 中国恐龙化石数量多、分布广,涵盖了骨骼、蛋和足迹3种主要类型。文章系统梳理了我国不同类型恐龙化石的时代特点及区域分布特征,总结了恐龙化石在时空维度上的分布差异,进而探讨了恐龙的演化趋势。研究认为:①恐龙骨骼化石方面,侏罗纪的恐龙骨骼主要分布在我国西南地区,而白垩纪的恐龙骨骼则广泛分布在东北、华北、西北等地区。从骨骼种类丰富程度来看,白垩纪远超侏罗纪。②恐龙蛋化石方面,侏罗纪的恐龙蛋化石仅在贵州安顺平坝有所发现;早白垩世的恐龙蛋化石仅见于东北地区,且种类相对较少;晚白垩世的恐龙蛋化石不仅数量众多、种类丰富,而且在华南地区分布较集中。③恐龙足迹化石方面,我国有27个省区均有恐龙足迹化石发现,出现的时间跨度较大,涵盖了三叠纪—白垩纪。具体来看,三叠纪,恐龙足迹仅在四川有所发现,且均为兽脚类;侏罗纪—白垩纪早期,兽脚类足迹不仅种类多,且分布范围广,蜥脚类足迹分布范围也较广,但数量相对较少,鸟脚类和覆盾甲龙类足迹则分布较为零散。④从恐龙的生活范围演变来看,侏罗纪的恐龙主要生活在西南地区,到了白垩纪,其生活范围扩展至东北、华北、西北、华南等地区。在恐龙种类方面,侏罗纪,恐龙种类以原蜥脚类和蜥脚类为主;白垩纪,恐龙种类以兽脚类、鸭嘴龙类、角龙类和甲龙类为主。该研究为揭示中国恐龙化石资源的分布规律以及探究恐龙的演化趋势提供了新的参考资料。

       

      Abstract: China contains abundant and widely spread dinosaur fossils, including bones, eggs and tracks. This study systematically analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution of these fossils across China and examines the evolutionary trends of dinosaurs based on their distribution patterns. The findings show that: ①Jurassic dinosaur bones were mainly found in southwestern China, while Cretaceous bone fossils were widely distributed across northeastern, northern and northwestern China, with significantly higher taxonomic diversity than those during the Jurassic. ②Dinosaur eggs from the Jurassic have only been reported from Pingba, Anshun, Guizhou; Early Cretaceous dinosaur eggs are limited to northeastern China with low diversity; in contrast, Late Cretaceous dinosaur eggs are abundant and diverse, mainly found in South China. ③Dinosaur tracks have been discovered in 23 provincial-level regions spanning from the Triassic to the Cretaceous, indicating a long temporal range. Triassic tracks are restricted to Sichuan and all belong to theropods; during the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, theropod tracks were diverse and widespread, sauropod tracks were also geographically widespread but less common, while ornithopod and ankylosaur tracks were scattered. ④The distribution of dinosaurs expanded from southwestern China during the Jurassic to northeastern, northern, northwestern, and southern regions during the Cretaceous. Taxonomically, prosauropods and sauropods dominated Jurassic assemblages, while Cretaceous faunas showed greater diversity, led by theropods, hadrosaurids, ceratopsians, and ankylosaurs. This study offers new evidence for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution and evolutionary patterns of dinosaurs in China.

       

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