Abstract: Northwestern Jiangxi is endowed with the ore-forming geological conditions for lithium and rare metals. It hosts well-known superlarge rare metal ore deposits(Yashan and Tong’anore deposits)and many lithium-bearing porcelain ore deposits and various deposit types, suggesting its huge potential of mineral resources. This paper describes the metallogenic geological background and the geological features of the main lithium ore deposits, with an emphasis on the ore genesis and metallogenic mode of of lithium ore deposits, and also summarizes the metallogenic regularity and prospecting criteria of lithium and rare metals deposits. The results show that the ore deposits of lithium and rare metals in the northwestern part of Jiangxi resulted from the activity of late residual magmatic gas and liquid. The prospecting criteria of lithium and rare metals include multi-stage intrusive light-colored fine-grained granite and high contents of F, Nb, Ta, Li, Rb and Cs. Faulting structures in the uplift area are well developed. Alteration includes albitization, lepidolitization, and topaz lithification, accompanied by anomaly of elements, such as oxyphile elements(Li, Nb, Sn and W)and heavy minerals(Nb, Ta,Sn and W). Based on the semi-quantitative estimation for lithium resources in the Ganfang and Yashan regions, along with geophysical and geochemical anomalous trend map and ore-forming signatures in the Yashan area, it can be concluded thatthe Lukou-Yashan and Gaoling-jiangjialing areas are two important areas withprospecting potential.