Abstract: Based on integrated analysis of geological condition and lithological differences in the Yangtze River valley in Anhui Province, physical parameters and main layer parameters were extracted through synthetic records. The indoor simulation was employed to preliminarily establish the initial observation system in this area, and then a 2D seismic acquisition and observation system was determined using in-site test. The research shows that better exploration results can be obtained through increasing signal-noise ratio and resolution observation, low velocity zone investigation based optimal excitation parameters, multi series geophone array noise suppression and reasonable observation system for field data acquisition in the profiles of hilly areas. Therefore, this study has certain significance to seismic data acquisition technology during shale gas geological survey in hilly areas.