Abstract: By analyzing the characteristics of phytolith and diatom assemblages of drilling No.zk10 in the southeastern part of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, this study discussed the changing laws of paleoclimate and environment in the area since the Holocene. The material compositions of drilling No. zk10 are mainly composed of clay, with a minor amount of silty clay, suggesting that it belongs to the lake sedimentary facies. Clay contains a large number of phytoliths with diverse forms, mainly from gramineous plants, minor amount of ferns, gymnosperms and broadleaf phytoplankton. According to the types of plant phytoliths and index of formation temperature, seven combination belts have been identified, from bottom to top, respectively: combination belt I-square, rectangular, fan type, dumbbell type-polyhedral type-thin, ball type; combination belt II-square, rectangular, pointed, smooth bar-multi-faceted type-thin plate type; combination belt III-square, rectangular, fan type, smooth rod type-polyhedral type-spherical type; combination belt IV-square, rectangular, smooth rod type-multi-faceted type-spindle type, ball type; combination belt V-square, fan type～smooth rod type-multi-faceted type, combination belt Ⅵ-rectangular, Cylindrical, triangular prism-triangular prism-polyhedral type-ball-type; and combination belt VII-rectangular type, fan type, saddle type-thorn stick bar type-polyhedral type. These seven phytoliths, including four changes of warm and humid climate and three changes of warm-cool to dry climate, reflect four large-scale climate evolution cycles. Therefore, phytoliths can be used as an important reference for the restoration of paleoclimate.