Abstract: With the Fengkou-Wanquan area in the city of Honghu as research objective, this study analyzed the total concentration and chemical occurrence of seven elements(Se, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb)and their bioavailability, and compared their active rules. The results show that Zn, Hg, As, Cu, Pb and Se in soil exist in a residual state, with the proportion of As, Zn and Hg residues in the soil more than 60%.The exchangeable state of Zn, Hg, As, Cu, Pb and Se is very low. However, the concentration of Cd in soil exists in the exchangeable state, with a low proportion of water-solution. Study of controlling factors of Se occurrence in soil suggests that selenium in soil is controlled by environmental factors such as organic matter, pH and total amount. These results provide some basis for further improving effective utilization of soil selenium.