Abstract: Coupled with the regional geological characteristics of the Quaternary, sedimentary enviroment and genesis of the Xiashu Formation in Chizhou, Anhui Province were investigated from the aspects of paleoclimate and lithofacies paleogeography using magnetic susceptibility, clay mineral testing and particle size analysis. The magnetic susceptibility curve of the Xiashu Formation is characterized by cycle fluctuation properties of peak and valley. Clay mineral is dominated by illite, with individual layers dominated by montmorillonite, kaolinite and chlorite. The particulates occur mainly as silty sand, with several layers consisting of silty sand and medium-grained sand. The deposition of the Xiashu Formation was frequently influenced by the airflows fluctuations of cold-dry to warm-wet, generally characterized by aeolian deposit in the cold-dry climate. The paleogeographic locations also resulted in alluvial deposits of the Yangtze River system in some areas along the Yangtze River under the conditions of the warm humid climates.