Abstract: By studying the geological and geochemical characteristics of Fengshan heavy rare earth element(HREE)deposit in Ganxian of Jiangxi Province, the paper further discusses the enrichment rule and geological implication of HREEs. The ion-adsorption high Y low Eu HREE deposit of Fengshan granite weathering crust is located in the west of Dabu rock mass, with biotite monzogranite as the main metallogenic parent rock. The geochemical characteristics show that the SiO₂ content(70.42%～75.85%)in granite is high, Al₂O₃>(CaO+K₂O+Na₂O), belonging to the aluminum supersaturation series, with low CaO and MgO content, belonging to high silicon, rich alkali, poor calcium-magnesium peraluminous highly differentiated granite. The average ΣCe/ΣY of granite is 0.90, belonging to HREE enrichment type. The obvious negative Eu anomaly, and weak negative Ce anomaly in most samples show different degrees of differentiation and enrichment of REEs, which are caused by both the diagenesis and weathering process.