Abstract: Compared with the well-preserved young volcanoes, the ancient volcanoes that have experienced long denudation and late structural transformation can directly expose the material composition of different forming time and depth, which is the ideal object for the anatomy of volcanic edifice. It plays an important role for understanding the process of volcanic eruption and the evolution of shallow magma system, and has practical significance for the monitoring and disaster assessment of active volcanoes. Based on regional geological survey and comprehensive research of Wangzhoushan ancient volcano in Cangnan, Zhejiang Province, we identify that this ancient volcano is a typical resurgent caldera according to its lithology and lithofacies plane which show annular distribution and become younger toward the core with the occurrence of inward-dipping volcano-sedimentary strata, typical ring and radial faults, and later resurgent dome. The evolution of Wangzhoushan caldera consists of six stages: initial subsidence accompanied with small eruptions, minor Plinian eruption, effusive eruption, major Plinian eruption, caldera collapse and resurgence.