Abstract: In order to understand the ecological risk caused by heavy metals in soil-rice system in a typical selenium-rich area in southern Anhui Province. 43 rice grain samples and root soil samples were collected in the area. The ecological risk of heavy metal in soil-rice system was evaluated by single-factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index method, hazard quotient method and potential ecological hazard index method. The results showed that all the rice samples reached the selenium enrichment standard. The ecological risk of Cd in rice grains and soil was high, with some rice samples exceeding the limit. The average THQ values inside the adults and children ingesting heavy metals through rice consumption were 0.897 and 1.076, respectively, indicating that children have higher health risks than adults, and Cd is the main influencing element. The study area is generally at slight ecological risk, while some Cd elements have reached moderate and strong ecological risk.