Abstract: In order to understand the enrichment and migration behavior of selenium in the soil-crop system in the Xianyu area, Shitai County, Anhui Province, we systematically collected samples of rocks, soils (including root soils), irrigation water and crops to study selenium in terms of its geochemical features, occurrence status, main influencing factors and bioavailability. The results showed that the content of selenium in the topsoil of the study area ranged from 0.27 mg/kg to 15.79 mg/kg (0.87 mg/kg in average), and was evidently higher than the soil background value of Anhui Province. The content of selenium was positively correlated with organic matter, but unrelated to pH value of the soil. Various bedrock strata exhibit obviously different selenium content, which mainly sourced from carbonaceous shales of the Lantian Formation, Hetang Formation and Piyuancun Formation in the study area. Selenium is substantially humic acid-bound, strongly organically-bound and in its residual form in soil, of which only about 3％ can be directly used by organisms. The average enrichment coefficient of selenium in paddy and tea of the study area is 0.21 and 0.08, respectively. All the paddy samples reached the selenium-rich standard, which implies that the local paddy has advantages in the development of selenium-rich products.