Abstract: There is abundant wetland resource in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province. The distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of nutrient salts in typical wetland sediment in the study area have been analyzed, and the results show that the concentration of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter has wide range between 0.26~6.51 g/kg, 0.36~3.98 g/kg, 0.52％~10.17％ respectively, indicating great spatial variability of the nutrient salts. Overall, park ponds and lakes have the highest contents of nutrient salts, followed by ditches and aquaculture farms, and rivers have the lowest contents of nutrient salts. There are significant positive correlations among the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in wetland sediment, which implies a certain similarity in their sources, migration and transformation processes. The lake sediments have relatively lower ratios of C/N (8.6) and their organic matters mainly sourced from aquatic algae and plants. However, sediments in park ponds, rivers, ditches and aquaculture farms have much higher mean ratios of C/N (9.9~11.9) and their organic matters are mainly affected by terrestrial materials in origin. The evaluation results of organic nitrogen, organic index, and pollution index on nutrient salts in sediments are relatively consistent, which implies that the wetland sediment in the study area have been polluted to some extent, closely associated with the local agricultural activities such as livestock and poultry breeding and farmland fertilization. It is suggested to promote resource utilization by transforming the waste of livestock and poultry breeding into fertilizers, so as to implement scientific fertilization and reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers in the study area.