Abstract: Based on the actual geological survey data and current national standard for drinking natural mineral water, this paper rechecks and counts the explored and evaluated drinking natural mineral water resources and their development and utilization of the urban belt in Anhui section of the Yangtze River. In combination of the mineral water resource endowment, economic and social development, and ecological environment protection needs, the study analyzed the main problems in the development and utilization of mineral water and put forward the countermeasures. The allowable mining capacity of the existing mineral water wells (springs) of the Anhui urban belt along of the Yangtze River is 17 540.45 m³/d, and the actual extracted amount is 1 306.39 m³/d, which only accounts for 7.45％ of the allowable mining capacity. Besides the problems such as idle and insufficient resources, high-quality but low utilization, and inadequate protection, deep-seated constraints such as inadequate understanding on the chemical composition sources and mechanisms of mineral water, obscure conditions for sustainable utilization, and unreasonable resource reserves estimation are also widely ignored. In the future, the exploration and evaluation of mineral water should attach great importance to the comprehensive analysis of water chemistry and environmental isotopes, conduct in-depth research on water-rock interaction and sustainable resource utilization conditions, and correctly select resource reserve estimation methods based on hydrogeological conditions, providing a solid foundation for development and utilization. At the same time, we should scientifically plan the layout of mineral water exploration and development, and focus on the exploration and development of carbonated mineral water in Tianchang area and mineral water in Dabie Mountain, so as to boost industrial restructuring and rural revitalization.