Abstract: The Lixia River Plain, situated on the western North Jiangsu Basin, serves as a critical archive recording land-ocean interactive sedimentation and Holocene environmental evolution in coastal zones. Due to the inadequacy of quantity and quality of data, the debates over its sedimentary chronology still remain. This study identified the Holocene stratigraphic framework in the local by employing AMS 14C dating to interprete the trough-shaped drilling profiles in the Gaoyou Lake area. Results reveal four distinct environmental stages: (1) 11600～8 000 a BP, the sedimentation environment was characterized by low water-level lake-marsh systems and is not significantly affected by seawater; (2) 8 000～4 000 a BP, marked by maximum marine transgression forming tidal flats and lagoons, with seawater reaching modern Gaoyou Lake, driven by Holocene rapid sea-level rise; (3) 4 000～800 a BP, dominated by marine regression due to increased Huai River sedimentation, leading to the recovery of freshwater lake-marsh environment; and (4) since 800 a BP, integrated with human-induced transformations, the Yellow River's southward shift into the Huai River system triggered rapid sedimentation of Lixia River Plain, disconnecting the region from marine influence and reshaping its water-system. This study establishes a robust Holocene chronostratigraphic framework, and clarifies regional stratigraphic correlation and human-environment interactions.