Abstract: The "National Diamond Exploration Field Seminar" held by China Geological Survey in Suzhou, Anhui in 2013 kicked off a new round of primary diamond deposits exploration in China. In the past decade, a series of new progress in the exploration and research of primary diamond deposits have been made: the new batch of primary diamond resources identified in Langan, Anhui and Wafangdian, Liaoning further enhanced domestic supply ability of diamond resoureces. The VI diamond mineralization belt in Liaoning,the Pingyi-Feixian diamond mineralization belt in Shandong and new prospecting clues in other regions will expand the exploration spaces of primary diamond deposits. The comprehensive exploration methods such as tectonic analysis-3D modeling-engineering verification,and high-resolution remote sensing information extraction are new exploring ideas for deep exploration and the discovery of hidden rock bodies. New insights in the genesis of diamond-bearing rock bodies, the emplacement model of kimberlite (potassium magnesium lamprophyre), and the study of diamond source area have been acquired. The chronological studies have shown that the mineralization of diamond-bearing parent rock in China extends from the Paleozoic to the late Mesozoic, which embodies the feature of multi-stage metallogenesis. Based on the progress and new problems in diamond exploration and research in the past decade, the suggestions for future exploration and research of primary diamond deposits is also proposed in the paper.