Abstract: Water resources and water environmental issues have emerged as significant constraints on the socio-economic development of Wuxi City. Based on the mechanism of mutual feedback within this system, a coupled model of the social-economy-water resources-water environmental was developed by means of spatial system dynamics. Subsequently, this model was employed to study the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of water resources and water environment carrying capacities in each subregion of Wuxi, considering various climate and socio-economic development scenarios. The results show that: ① Both water resources carrying capacity coefficients and water environmental carrying capacity coefficients of each administrative district display in following order under different scenarios: Binhu District> Xishan District> Huishan District> Xinwu District> Liangxi District. ② There are distinctions of water resources carrying capacity and water environment carrying capacity under different settings. Compared with B3 scenario (a developing society in a dry climate), the monthly average values of water resources carrying capacity coefficients and water environmental carrying capacity coefficients in Liangxi District, Binhu District, Xishan District, Huishan District, and Xinwu District under C1 scenario (a water saving and emission reduction society in a wet climate)are 2.23 and 2.36, 2.13 and 3.22, 2.13 and 2.55, 2.12 and 2.53, 1.58 and 1.74 times, respectively. The practice shows that the spatial system dynamics model effectively harmonizes the relations between social economy and resource environment in both time and space, modelling simulation results that closely align with actual conditions. Thus, it provides a robust scientific foundation for regional water resource management in similar areas.