Abstract: South China is one of the major Precambrian blocks in East Asia, the early continent growth of which was closely related to the evolution of supercontinents. The Yangtze Block (also known as the Yangtze Craton) in South China preserves a complete record of the Archean–Paleoproterozoic geology and is thus the key to characterize the early Precambrian crustal growth, the crustal-mantle processes, and related tectonic evolution of South China, which can in turn provide important insights into the assembly and dispersal processes of the Paleoproterozoic Nuna Supercontinent. In this contribution, we summarize the distribution and lithological characters of Archean–Paleoproterozoic rocks or rock units from the Yangtze Block. By synthesizing the available geochronological, isotopic, and geochemical data, we suggest that the Yangtze Block comprises several spatially isolated Archean–Paleoproterozoic crustal units. These crustal units are mostly exposed as tectonic massifs or metamorphic complexes, and are in fault contact with the Neoproterozoic or younger rocks. Though locally exposed in a relatively small area, these crustal units record a relatively prolonged, multistage crustal evolution since the Eoarchean (ca. 3.8 Ga), featuring early Archean crustal growth and/or reworking associated with formation of proto-continents and late Archean crustal reworking leading to continental maturation, followed by continental accretion and formation of proto-Yangtze Craton during the Paleoproterozoic. Detailed comparison of the Archean–Paleoproterozoic crustal nature, ages and tectono-magmatic evolution shows differences among individual crustal units of the Yangtze Block, indicating that they have distinct evolutionary trajectories and thus each could have been part of an early terrane or micro-continent. Middle to late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) magmatic and metamorphic events are documented to have affected much on the Yangtze Block, indicating internal assembly of various early terranes to form the proto-Yangtze Block in the context of early Nuna assembly, as well as its association with the formation of proto-craton. This is supported by results from deep seismic reflection profiling. Similarities in the Archean–Paleoproterozoic evolutionary processes between the western Yangtze and northern Laurentia, and between eastern or northeastern Yangtze and southern Siberia, suggest that they were likely close neighbors at the core Nuna Supercontinent.