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    从钨矿“五层楼”到“成矿结构体系”及其形成机制看地质力学理论的应用和发展——纪念《地质力学概论》发表62周年

    The application and development of geomechanical theory viewed from “Five-storey model” to “Metallogenic structure system” and its formation mechanism—— commemorating the 62nd anniversary of the publication of Introduction to Geomechanics

    • 摘要: 赣南是我国钨矿资源蕴藏最丰富的地区,至20世纪50年代,该区已评价了一批钨矿床,被誉为“世界钨都”。由于找矿理论和方法的局限,地表矿基本已经找完。国家急需钨矿资源,地质工作者用地质力学理论-构造体系分析方法指导区域研究和漂塘等钨矿勘探,探索脉钨矿床的分布规律:平面具有方向性、等距性;剖面具有树枝状、层带性,五个层带称“五层带”。依此预测木梓园地区还存在矿床,验证为大型钨钼矿床后,又经广东梅子窝钨矿等勘探检验,“五层带”改称“五层楼”,曾誉为“开创中国乃至世界模式找矿先河”。随着钨矿勘探工作的推进,在黄沙等“五层楼”模式下,花岗岩顶部发现了平行接触面的层状云英岩型钨矿体以及其他矿床类型,“五层楼”模式局限性显现。新一轮钨矿资源调查,经南岭东段矿山研究后提出了以花岗岩体为中心,以岩体与围岩接触面为标志,以控矿裂隙力学性质和空间分布为基础,突出不同类型矿床位置,具有成生联系的“五层楼”、“裙楼”、“地下室”和“地基”组成的成矿结构体系,全方位指导广东南山—良源钨矿基地优选及不同类型矿床的精准勘查,取得了重大突破。进一步研究发现:其控矿构造为岩浆动力成因,并呈不同的组合形式;对其成矿因素和形成机制进行分析,认为其受区域构造控制岩基、岩株,岩株岩浆动力致裂和成矿因素影响,是围岩-构造-岩浆-构造-成矿有序融合形成的。

       

      Abstract: The southern Jiangxi province has abundant tungsten mineral resources, known as the “World Tungsten Capital”, where a number of tungsten deposits had been evaluated since 1950s. Because of that exposed mineral deposits have been mostly found and mined, it is urgent to explore concealed tungsten resources in China and improve mineral exploration theories and methods. The geologists use geomechanical theory and structural system analysis to guide regional research and exploration of tungsten deposits such as Piaotang , and study the distribution regularity of tungsten-bearing veins, which shows characters of directional and equidistant on the horizontal plane, and branched or layered shape in the vertical direction, called “Five layer belt” with five layers orebody. Based on the above model, it was predicted that there would be mineral deposits in the Muziyuan area, which were verified to be a large W-Mo deposit, besides that, Meiziwo tungsten deposit in Guangdong province and others were also found, the “Five layer belt” was renamed as the “Five-storey”, which was hailed as the “pioneer of mineral exploration in China and even the world”. With the advancement of tungsten exploration, layered quartzite type tungsten deposits and other types parallel to the contacting surfaces of granite have been discovered under the “Five-storey model” such as Huangsha deposit, which represents the loophole of “Five-storey model”. In the new round of tungsten resource survey, the author proposed a metallogenic structural system consisting of “Five-storey”, “Podium”, “Basement” and “Foundation” based on the research in the eastern Nanling metallogenic belt, highlighting the location of different types of deposits, which revolves around the granite pluton and the contacting surface between intrusion and wallrock as the symbol, and the mechanical properties and spatial distribution of ore-controlling fractures as the basis, to comprehensively guide the optimization of Nanshan-Liangyuan tungsten ore base in the Guangdong Province, and the successfully exploration of different types of deposits, making a sensational breakthrough. Further research demonstrated that the ore-controlling structures are the genesis of magmatic dynamics and exhibit different assemblages. Through the analysis of ore-forming factors and formation mechanisms, it is believed that it is formed by the orderly fusion of surrounding rocks, structures, magmas, and mineralization factors, which are influenced by regional structures-related batholith and stock, magmatic dynamics-related fractures, as well as ore-forming factors.

       

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