Abstract: Lithium is a critical strategic mineral and can be primarily categorized into three types: hard rock, brine, and clay. The volcanic clay-type lithium deposits recently discovered in acidic volcanic rock areas represent an important new lithium resource. However, limited research on the mineralization processes of such deposit has hindered the understanding on their prospecting potential. This paper systematically summarizes four large volcanic clay-type lithium deposits discovered in recent years in Europe and the United States. By tracing the sources of mineral-forming materials, enrichment processes, and geodynamic settings of these deposits, as well as adopting the methodologies including infrared spectroscopy scanning and comparative analysis of alteration mineral assemblages, the prospecting potential for volcanic clay-type lithium deposits in the acidic volcanic rock areas of Southeastern China is further analyzed. This study provides new insights for theoretical research and exploration on this type of lithium deposit.