Abstract: Eco-geological vulnerability is significantly affected by geological factors such as topography, soil and rock construction, and plays an important controlling role on ecological geological vulnerability through successive and transmissive effect. In order to analyze the influence mechanism of multi-index elements of eco-geological environment on eco-geological vulnerability, based on the systematic studies of the regional geological background and ecological environment characteristics of Ninghua County, we proposed 13 attribute indexes affecting the eco-geological vulnerability assessment. By the multi-index comprehensive weighting method, an evaluation system was constructed to evaluate the eco-geological vulnerability of Ninghua County. The results showed: the spatial distribution characteristics of the eco-geological vulnerability in hilly areas of Ninghua County trends that the central region is stable, the east and west regions are locally vulnerable. There are also obvious differences in the structure and regional distribution in vulnerable areas of each grade. The rock formations in this area has a controlling effect on the eco-geological vulnerability. The Cretaceous red-bed, Carboniferous–Permian carbonate rocks and Silurian granites control the main extremely vulnerable areas in Ninghua County. This paper aims to give prominence to the constraints of macroscopic and microscopic geologic action on eco-geological vulnerability. Furthermore, it provides basic support for studying the spatial distribution characteristics of eco-geological, the evolution law of ecological function and ecological restoration in the hilly region of Southern China.